責任保險在侵權損害賠償制度上之功能

本文之目的在於分析侵權賠償制度下，責任保險對於舉證資訊難題的影響。內容主要針對肇事人之損害防阻意願以及訴訟之社會成本二方面。本文之分析結果發現，責任保險因整合求償資訊，可以改善過失責任原則之舉證難題。因此在侵權制度中具有下列功能：(1)提高肇事人之損害防阻意願，(2)給予受害人合理補償，以及(3)減少興訟過多之社會成本。綜合而言，本文認為公平費率之責任保險對於社會具有正面功能，而當舉證之資訊成本過高時，採行強制責任保險有時是必要的。
關鍵字：責任保險、侵權損害賠償、歸責原則、舉證資訊、損害防阻意願
Abstract
This paper intends to study the impact of liability insurance on the problem of information asymmetry in the litigation process of tort liability. The analysis is focused on the injurer’s preventive effort and total litigation costs. The results of this paper show that liability insurance may (1) encourage the insured to take more preventive effort, (2) maintain adequate compensation to the victim, and (3) reduce the social cost of frivolous litigation. The implications of this paper are that (1) a fair-rate liability insurance system may help to maintain reasonable social cost of tort liability, and (2) compulsory liability insurance may be necessary when the victim will be deterred on lawsuit due to costly litigation procedures. Keywords: liability insurance, tort liability, liability rules, information for litigation, preventive effort