我國過失侵權行為與責任保險－人身傷害賠償之分析

本文分析與責任保險有關之過失行為，其所造成之人身傷害的補償問題。主要目的在於瞭解責任保險的存在是否影響受害人道德危險與社會通膨的問題。其次，本文亦探討求償時間及法律費用等與理賠程序有關的問題，以瞭解責任保險在損害補償處理過程中所增加或減少的社會成本。此外，本研究亦調查執業律師與保險理賠人員，基於其本身之實務經驗與專業素養，對於使用責任保險作為損害賠償之風險管理工具的看法。研究樣本數為律師問卷167份(發出2000份)，理賠人問卷38份(發出300份)，問卷回收率約8.5%。
研究結果發現：(1)受害人原先提出之求償金額，高於最終真正獲得之補償金額，亦即受害人未能獲得所期望之賠償。(2)目前之責任保險理賠金並未能滿足受害人之求償，肇事人並無法完全藉由責任保險來免除風險。(3)責任保險的確有減少訴訟案件與加速賠償之功能。(4)不論是律師或理賠人，大多贊成以責任保險作為肇事人與受害人分散損害賠償之風險管理工具。
關鍵字：風險管理、侵權損害賠償、責任保險、道德危險、社會通膨

An Analysis of the Damages of Unintentional Torts and the Claim Settlement of Liability Insurance for Bodily Injury in Taiwan

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(Tsai-Jyh Chen)

This paper analyzes both bodily injury damages due to unintentional torts and claim settlement of liability insurance. The primary purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the existence of liability insurance has an impact on the plaintiffs moral hazard and social inflation. Secondly, this paper analyzes the time and legal expenses spent on claim settlement in order to understand the effect of liability insurance on social costs. In addition, this paper also surveys lawyers and insurance adjusters opinions on the function of insurance for managing liability loss exposures. The samples for empirical analysis include 167 completed questionnaires from 2000 lawyers and 38 completed questionnaires from 300 liability insurance claim adjusters. The response rate is around 8.5%.


The findings of this study include: (1) the actual damages paid are less than what the plaintiff requests or expects, (2) the loss settlement from liability insurance is not enough to satisfy the victim or release the injurers liability, (3) liability insurance can reduce litigation and speed up claim settlement, and (4) both lawyers and insurance adjusters believe that liability insurance can serve as a risk management tool for the victim as well as the injurer to reduce the cost of injury.
Keywords: risk management, damages of unintentional torts, liability insurance, moral hazard, social inflation