從損失分攤觀點論保險人對共同海損之賠償責任

發生共同海損時，因共同海損發生後之理算工作複雜，使共同海損發生後所造成之理算爭論，均仍有待進一步之協議。本研究發現共同海損於現今航運市場確產生不合理，及無效率之問題，故最後本研究就合理公平之損失分攤角度，對共同海損之損失分攤藉由海上保險條款做修正建議，具體建議以保險契約中增列特別條款，承保因共同安全所產生之毀損或滅失，透過保險制度重新調整與分攤損失，使海上事故發生後之損失分攤不論藉由共同海損制度或海上保險制度，均能更有效率及公平。
關鍵字：共同海損，損失分攤，海上保險
A Study on Insurance Liability for General Average from the Viewpoints of Loss Contribution
Abstract
When General Average is announced, Due to the complexity of the adjustment process, there are resulting disagreements caused by some adjustment disputes which are yet to be resolved. This study find that the General Average may have unreasonable points and may lack efficiency in a current maritime industry. Therefore, in light of reasonable and fair loss contribution, we suggest revisions and make proposals for a revised the loss contribution of General Average through marine insurance clauses. We propose the endorsement of supplementary clauses within insurance policy, to cover damage or loss incurred by safety of common maritime adventure, readjustment and contribution of loss by marine insurance system. Accordingly, loss contribution is should be more efficient and fair either by General Average system or marine insurance.
Keywords: General Average, Loss Contribution, Marine Insurance