歸責原則與強制汽車責任保險對於交通安全之影響

本文以「雙方注意」(bilateral care)事故之模型，並納入加害人財力不足難題(judgment-proof problem)，分析法律歸責原則與責任保險對於交通安全之影響。理論研究發現「過失責任原則」比「無過失責任原則」較可能促使駕駛人達到社會最佳效率(socially efficient)之謹慎行為水準；而強制汽車責任保險並不必然提高駕駛人之謹慎行為。此外，實證研究發現強制汽車責任險費率因素，在「過失責任原則」下；可能與謹慎行為關聯性較高，而在「無過失責任原則」下，則可能與用車頻繁較為相關。
關鍵字：歸責原則、強制汽車責任保險、交通安全、保險費率因素
The Impact of Liability Rules and Compulsory Automobile Liability Insurance on Traffic Safety
Abstract
This paper develops bilateral-care accident model with consideration of judgment-proof problem to analyze the impact of liability rules and compulsory automobile liability insurance on traffic safety. The results show that negligence rule is more possible to achieve socially efficient care level than liability without fault, and that compulsory automobile liability insurance does not necessarily motivate care level. The empirical analysis indicates that compulsory automobile liability insurance rating factors probably are more relevant to prudent behavior when negligence rule is adopted, but more relevant to driving frequency when liability without fault is adopted.
Keywords: liability rule, compulsory automobile liability insurance, traffic safety, insurance rating factor