台灣全民健康保險制度及其倫理性之探析A Study on National Health Insurance System and Ethics in Taiwan

摘要
本文係分析健康需要之定義與其涉及健康分配的三種倫理準則，包括功利主義、平等主義與公平正義，期能針對台灣全民健康保險制度在倫理性分析上能提供規範性之了解。本文首先探討健康需要及三種倫理準則，並剖析健康需求之倫理性，進而討論台灣全民健康保險制度之內含及其適用之倫理準則。
關鍵字：健康需要、功利主義、平等主義、公平正義
Abstract
The paper explores definition of health need and three theories of distributive justice; utilitarianism, egalitarianism and maximin, can provide a clearer understanding of the normative basis of different priority setting regimes in the National Health Insurance of Taiwan. The paper starts with a brief presentation of the health need and the theories, followed by inspecting the ethical quality of health need. The paper discusses how the recent Taiwan’s guidelines for priority setting can be understood in the light of the theories.
Keywords: health need, utilitarianism, egalitarianism, maximin