論船舶油污染責任強制保險A Study on Compulsory Liability Insurance for Oil Pollution Damage

摘要
　　強制保險制度為國際海事組織(IMO)在制定有關船舶油污染損害民事責任公約的重要立法原則，現行生效的國際公約已經形成一套完整的無過失責任與強制責任保險法制。依據海事國際公約規定，船舶所有人有義務強制投保船東責任險，同時，基於保障油污被害第三人之目的，賦予被害人直接訴權之法律地位。本文擬分析歸納船舶油污染民事責任公約的國際立法趨勢，進而探討船舶油污染責任強制保險法制之規範內涵，並評析責任保險人基於強制保險制度下的權利義務。最後，本文將檢視我國海商法及海洋污染防治法的規定缺失，並提出具體修正建議，以供未來我國海洋污染防治法規定的強制責任保險法制之修法參考。
關鍵字：船東責任險、損失填補原則、先付後償原則、強制責任保險、直接訴權
Abstract
　　A new legal system of strict liability combined with compulsory insurance regime has been adopted by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) as a major important principle for the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage. According to the Maritime International Conventions, shipowners are obligated to insure Protection & Indemnity (P&I) insurance and meanwhile the pollution victim has right of direct action against insurer. By analyzing the legislation trend of the Maritime International Conventions, this paper presents the concept of compulsory liability insurance regime as well as the insurer’s defenses. In reviewing the relevant domestic regulations in Taiwan, this paper makes recommendations on how to improve our domestic regulations in the near future.
Keywords: protection & indemnity (P&I) insurance, the principle of indemnity, the ‘Pay to be Paid’ rule, compulsory liability insurance, direct action