英國保險監理制度之革新 The Reform of UK Insurance Regulation System

2008年發生的金融危機，突顯英國金融監理架構的缺陷，促使英國開始思考改革。新的金融監理架構於2013年起實施，由金融政策委員會負責辨別、監控及管理英國金融系統所出現的系統性風險；審慎監理署則以促進金融機構的安全性及健全性為主要監理重點；金融行為署的監理重點，則為金融機構與消費者間的關係。本文針對改革後的英國金融監理架構下，各監理機構所採行的監理目標、監理原則及監理工具等制度內容，進行彙整並探討，藉以提供我國在後續相關研究及保險監理制度建立之參考。經由本文的探討，我們認為前瞻性監理、評斷式監理、金融政策委員會的政策協調機制，可作為我國參考之處。
關鍵詞： 金融政策委員會、審慎監理署、行為監理署、前瞻性監理、評斷式監理
Abstract
The 2008 global financial crisis exposed the deficiencies of UK financial supervision. This also prompts UK to consider the reform of supervision. The new financial regulation framework was put into implementation in 2013. In this new supervisory regime, the Financial Policy Committee is responsible for identifying, monitoring and managing systematic risks. The Prudential Regulation Authority primarily focuses on promoting firms’ safety and soundness, while the Financial Conduct Authority has responsibility in supervising the conducts of firms. This article summarizes and discusses the UK insurance regulatory objectives, principles and approaches of each regulatory authorities. The UK experience, in particular in forward-looking and judgement based regulation, may be of help in improving our supervisory system.
Keywords: Financial Policy Committee, Prudential Regulation Authority, Financial Conduct Authority, Forward-looking regulation, Judgement based regulation