兩岸海上貨物保險代位權妨礙之效力研析A Study on the Effect of Marine Cargo Insurance SubrogationRight Prejudice Between

摘要
保險代位權係為損害填補原則衍生下的一項重要制度，藉由保險代位的行使，可以避免被保險人不當得利，應負責任之第三人亦無法因保險制度而免責，保險代位可謂維繫了法律衡平與社會正義。若被保險人對有責之第三人可行使之權利保全不周，勢將影響到保險人日後的代位求償，而生妨礙代位問題。惟我國法律中對保險代位權之規定，並不詳盡，對於妨礙代位之情形，更無規範之條文，使妨礙代位之情形後，爭議不斷。反觀中國大陸有關保險代位及妨礙代位之規定，均詳見於保險法及海商法中，頗值參考。本研究以海上貨物保險為研究範圍，針對兩岸相關之規定探討海上貨物保險妨礙代位發生之情形以及其效力，期可做為我國海上貨物保險實務發生妨礙代位時，保險人判斷賠償責任之參考。
關鍵字：海上貨物保險、保險代位權、妨礙代位
Abstract
Insurance subrogation right is an important system which extends from “indemnity principle”. The exertion of insurance subrogation could prevent the insured from getting benefits illegally and avoid the third party to exempt their liability from insurance contract. If the insured exerts the rights on un-maintenance to the third party, then it would influence the insurer on subrogation in the future and cause the prejudice subrogation problems. Because the law regulations of insurance subrogation rights are not completed, and the subrogation right prejudice doesn’t have any laws to requlate in Taiwan, thus after the blockage subrogation, it may cause more controversial. Instead, the regulations from China which are related to the subrogation right of insurance and such right prejudice are detailed in the insurance law and maritime law. This study is based on the marine cargo insurance and the related regulations between cross-straits which probed into the investigation and the effects of the incidents in marine cargo insurance in blockage subrogation right, so that it could as the references for insurers to judge the compensation responsibility when the blockoge occurs in the domestic marine cargo insurances.
Keywords: marine cargo insurance, insurance subrogation right, subrogation right prejudice