論藥害救濟與保險-兼論被保險人故意、重大過失行為之意涵Drug Relief and Insurance: Meaning of the Intentional and Gross Negligent

摘要
　　為大數法則之正常運用與避免被保險人之道德危險，我國保險契約明定「保險公司對因被保險人之故意行為所發生之賠償責任，不負賠償之責。」惟上開規定當事人得否於契約中另行約定承保，實有討論空間。基此，本文藉由分析藥害救濟制度以及現行藥物臨床試驗責任保險與產品責任保險契約條款後，認為被保險人之故意行為除外不保，應屬保險契約主觀之除外，不包括災害；而重大過失行為似無採與故意相同之解釋。另在不違反公序良俗之前提下，對被保險人之故意行為不保之規定，當事人應得於保險契約中變更為之。
關鍵詞：故意不保、重大過失、藥害救濟、藥物臨床試驗責任保險、產品責任保險
Abstract
　　Due to the implementation of the law of large number and avoidance of insured’s moral hazard, the requirement of accidental and intentional loss is necessary. However, the appropriateness of this principle and regulation should be reviewed. Therefore, this paper analyzes the system of drug relief, human clinical trial liability insurance and product liability insurance, we think that the loss caused by insured’s gross negligence should be covered by insurer, and an intentional act can also be covered if without violating the public order and morality.
Keywords: intentional act, gross negligence, drug relief, human clinical trial liability insurance, product liability insurance